Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Saffron Extract: He hopena kūlohelohe no ka hoʻemi kaumaha a me ke ʻano maikaʻi

1.About ʻAi ʻaʻa

Lawe ʻia ka huahana mai ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke ʻano a me ka stigma o Crocus sativus L., kahi mea kanu iris. ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ka picrocrocin, nā pūhui carotene, safflower aldehyde, eucalyptol, pinene a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a loaʻa pū kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi o Isorhamnetin, kaempferol, ka huaʻa B1 a me ka huaora B2, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. manuahi manuahi. Hiki iā ia ke pale aku i nā hopena oxidation, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana mitochondrial, keʻakeʻa i ka apoptosis cell nerve optic, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka microcirculation, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana, pale i ka arteriosclerosis, a pale i ka oxidation. Loaʻa iā ia nā hana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā lipids koko, hoʻoikaika i ka choleretics a me ka pale ʻana i ka ate, pale a mālama i ka osteoporosis, a me ka pale ʻana i nā puʻupaʻa.

Mea kanu kumu

 

2. kumu kanu

Kumu kumu] ʻO ia ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano a me ka stigma o ka mea kanu iris Crocus sativus L.

【Alias】Crocus, saffron.

[Hoʻolaha] He wahi liʻiliʻi o ka mahiʻai hoʻokolohua ma Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Xinjiang, a pēlā aku ma Kina, a ua mahiʻai ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻē ma Sepania, Iran, Italia, Kelemānia, Palani, Helene, Austria, ka Soviet Union mua a me Iapana.

【ʻAno Mea Kanu】He lau nahele mau. He poepoe nā ʻōpuʻu o lalo o ka honua a uhi ʻia me nā lau unahi membranous ʻeleʻele. Aia he 9 a 15 mau lau, i ulu mai ka ʻōpuʻu, sessile, haiki a linear, 15 a 20 cm ka lōʻihi a me 2 a 3 cm ka laulā. Ua ʻōwili hou ʻia nā kaʻe o ka lau a huluhulu maikaʻi, a ua hoʻopuni ʻia ke kumu e 4 a 5 mau unahi ākea. . ʻO ka hope o nā pua, 2.5-3 cm ke anawaena; perianth 6-ʻāpana, obovate, lavender, ʻōmole pua 4-6 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻano ʻōmole lahilahi, 3 stamens, anthers nui, kumu ʻano pua, 3 pistils, carpels connate, haʻahaʻa ka ovary, lahilahi ke ʻano, melemele, ʻekolu lobes hohonu o ka piko, e hoʻokuʻu ana i waho o ka ʻōmole pua, e luliluli ana, ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele, ua hoʻonui iki ʻia ka piko o ka stigma, me kahi puka i ke ʻano o kahi funnel. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka capsule, me ʻekolu mau ʻaoʻao blunt, ma kahi o 3 cm ka lōʻihi a me 1.5 cm ka laulā. Hiki ia i ka lepo ke oʻo ka hua. He nui nā hua, he poepoe, a he ʻano ʻili ka ʻili hua. ʻO ka wā pua mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki i ka waena o Nowemapa

3.Nā mea kanu hana

1). ʻAila lele ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻaila lele i loko o ka pistil (stigma) o ka corolla saffron i hana ʻia e ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o nā carotenes e like me zeaxanthin a he ʻano kūikawā kona. ʻO ia ka safranal nui i loko o nā derivatives trimethylcycloethylene, e helu ana i 50% o ka ʻaila lele holoʻokoʻa. 72%, ʻo ia ka huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka crocin, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona kaohi maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina ʻo Zangsafflower. Ua ʻike kekahi poʻe akamai i 46 mau hui mai ka ʻaila lele saffron, e helu ana i 90.99% o ka ʻaila lele holoʻokoʻa. I waena o lākou, 5 mau hui ketone i helu ʻia no 6.16%, 5 mau hui aldehyde i helu ʻia no 2.39%, 6 mau hui waiʻona i helu ʻia no 4.98%, 6 mau hui waikawa i helu ʻia no 19.77%, 8 mau hui olefin i helu ʻia no 36.42%, a ʻo 2 mau hui olefin oxides i helu ʻia no 5.74%, 8 mau hui alkane i helu ʻia no 12.5%, 2 mau hui ester i helu ʻia no 0.48%, a ʻo 4 mau hui ʻē aʻe i helu ʻia no 2.55%. I waena o nā ʻāpana aila volatile i ʻike ʻia o ka saffron, ʻo nā mea me ka nui o ka ʻike he nui nā olefins a me nā olefin oxides, ʻo ia nā hui terpenoid. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea me ka nui o ka ʻike he mau hui waikawa.

2). Nā Flavonoids Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā flavonoids ma ka perianth o ka saffron. ʻO nā mea maʻamau e komo pū me ka vetch glycoside, quercetin-3-p-coumaroylglucoside, kaempferol-3-glucose-6-acetylglucoside a me Kaempferol-3-glucose-glucoside, delphinidin, trimethyldelphinidin, etc.

3). Nā mea hoʻomaka aila lele. ʻO kekahi hapa o nā mea hoʻomaka aila lele i hana ʻia ma o nā ala hoʻohaʻahaʻa like ʻole i ka wā o ka maloʻo ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā stigmas saffron he mau hui glycoside o nā derivatives trimethylcyclohexene, ʻo ia hoʻi ka crocin a pēlā aku. ʻO Crocein ka mea ʻawaʻawa nui i loko o ka saffron. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i safranal ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic a alkaline paha a i ʻole ma lalo o ka hana a nā enzymes. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻokoʻa ai ka ʻike safranal i nā ʻano like ʻole.

4). Nā polyenes i hoʻohui ʻia a me kā lākou glycosides ʻO nā polyenes i hoʻohui ʻia a me kā lākou glycosides nā ʻāpana kala nui i ka saffron lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina. Hoʻokomo nui ia i nā ʻāpana ʻelua: (1) ʻO Carotenoids a me kā lākou glycosides ʻO Crocetin ka ʻāpana nui o nā carotenoids a me kā lākou glycosides. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia me ka carotenoid crocetin a me kāna glycosides, e like me gentiobioside, glucoside, digentisic acid glycoside, gentioglucoside a me diglucoside; B-crocetin, C-crocetin, etc. (2) ʻO nā Carotenes ka mea nui e komo pū me A a me B-carotene, e like me lycopene a me zeaxanthin.

5). ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe he phenols, chitinase, triterpene saponins a me steroidal saponins.

4.Phana harmacological

1). Ka hopena ma ka ʻōpū He hopena hoihoi ka Saffron extract ma ka ʻōpū i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a me ka ʻōpū in vivo o nā ʻiole, nā puaʻa Guinea, nā lāpaki, nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. ʻOi aku ka naʻau o ka ʻōpū hāpai; ʻo ke ʻano o ka ikaika o nā ʻano safranin extracts: decoction > ethanol extract > volatile components > ether extract. Hiki ke ālai ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana o ka ʻōpū e ka ergotamine ethanesulfonate, kahi mea i naʻau ʻole i ka atropine. No laila, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia he hapa o ka hopena ma ka ʻōpū he hopena pololei ia ma nā myocytes uterine, a pili kekahi hapa i nā mea loaʻa adrenergic.

2). Ka hopena ma ka ʻōnaehana kahe koko Hiki i ka ʻāpana Saffron ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko o nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi a he hopena hoihoi i ka hanu ʻana. Ke hoʻemi ʻia ke koko, emi ka nui o ka renal, e hōʻike ana i ka vasoconstriction renal, a he hopena constrictive hoʻi i nā kīʻaha koko toad. He hopena inhibitory koʻikoʻi kona ma ka puʻuwai toad i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Wahi a ka loiloi kemika, pili nā ʻāpana e kāohi ana i ka puʻuwai i nā paʻakai potassium. No laila, pono e wehe mua ka noiʻi pharmacological e hiki mai ana ma ka saffron i nā paʻakai potassium.

3). Ka hopena anti-tumor Loaʻa i nā hoʻomākaukau Saffron nā mana anti-tumor a me nā anti-cancer, ʻoiai ka saffron extract (dimethylcrocetin) ma leukemia, ka maʻi ʻaʻai ovarian, ka maʻi ʻaʻai colon, rhabdomyosarcoma, ka maʻi ʻaʻai colon, papillosarcoma, a me ka flat cell tumor a me ka soft tissue sarcoma, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa iā lākou āpau nā hopena inhibitory ikaika. ʻO kāna ʻano anti-cancer paha ka luku ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana DNA synthase, ʻo ia hoʻi, e luku i nā mea hoʻopili DNA-protein e like me topoisomerase II he mea koʻikoʻi i ka synthesis DNA cellular, no laila e pale ana i ka synthesis o DNA a me RNA, no laila e pale ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā cell tumor. hopena. Eia kekahi, pale pū nā crocins i ka hana o nā kinases protein cellular a me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā proto-oncogenes.

4). Ka hopena ma ke akepaʻa a me ka gallbladder Loaʻa i ka Saffron extract kahi hopena choleretic, a ʻo kāna mau mea hana he α-crocetin sodium salt a me crocetin ester. Hiki i ka α-Saffron acid ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol a hoʻonui i ka metabolism momona. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau Kina kuʻuna e like me hawthorn, cassia, a me Alisma e mālama i ke akepaʻa momona.

5). Ka hopena antioxidant ʻO ka Saffron extract, ʻoiai ʻo crocin, hiki ke kāohi pono i ka hana o nā radical free oxygen a me ka xanthine oxidase, e hōʻike ana i ka hana olaola antioxidant.

6). E pale i nā puʻupaʻa. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike nephritis C-BSA iole, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻemi ʻia ka proteinuria a me ka hōʻino pathological renal i nā ʻiole i loko o ka hui hoʻokolohua. I waena o lākou, hoʻopaʻa nui ka saffron i ka cyclooxygenase a hoʻemi i ka synthesis o prostaglandins, no laila e wehe ana i nā capillaries renal, e hoʻonui ana i ke kahe koko, a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hōʻino mumū. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka saffron ke hoʻopilikia i ka hanana ʻana o ka mumū renal ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā platelets a me nā mea hoʻopili mumū.

7). Ke komo ʻana i ka arrhythmia ʻO ka waikawa Crocemic, ka mea hana i loko o ka saffron extract, he hopena maikaʻi ia i nā hiʻohiʻona arrhythmia ventricular i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka aconitine, ouabain a me ka calcium chloride, e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka saffron i ka mālama ʻana i ka arrhythmia. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi kumu hiki ke hoʻomohala hou aʻe a me ka noiʻi ʻana ma ka saffron ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina e kūʻē i ka arrhythmia a me ka myocardial ischemia, e hōʻike ana e hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo saffron he ʻano hou o ka mālama ola kino pale lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular a me cerebrovascular.

8). Hoʻoponopono i ka hana pale kino. Loaʻa i ka ʻāpana Saffron nā hopena maopopo o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kahe koko a me ka wehe ʻana i ke koko stasis, antibacterial a me anti-inflammatory, a laila hoʻoikaika i ke ahonui o ke kino a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā cell pale, a laila hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ke kino, hoʻoponopono i ka qi o ke kino a me ka neʻe ʻana o ke koko, a kaulike i ke kino kanaka. Ke kuleana o yin a me yang.

9). Kāohi a mālama i ka atherosclerosis. He maikaʻi ka hopena o ka Saffron extract i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā lipids koko, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko a pēlā e pale ai a mālama i ka atherosclerosis.

10). Palekana Retinal: Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lāpaki keʻokeʻo o Aotearoa e hana i kahi kumu hoʻohālike holoholona o ke kaomi intraocular kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mahele o ka saffron extract mai ke aʻa pepeiao i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui hoʻomalu kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā cell ganglion retinal i loko o ka hui mālama ʻia ma mua o ka hui hoʻomalu kaomi kiʻekiʻe (P<0.05), e hōʻike ana ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka saffron extract i ke kahe koko retinal a ālai i nā hopena o ka ischemia a me ka hypoxia ma nā cell ganglion retinal ma lalo o nā kūlana kaomi intraocular kiʻekiʻe (RGC) hōʻino a pale iā RGC. Ua manaʻo ʻia e pale aku ka saffron extract i nā RGC ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā radical manuahi i loko o ka retina a me ka ālai ʻana i ka hōʻino radical manuahi i ka hoʻonohonoho membrane, nā organelles subcellular a me nā nuclei o RGC. 11. Nā hopena ʻē aʻe Hiki i ka Saffron ethanol extract (CSE) ke pale i ka ethanol-induced inhibition of long term potentiation (LPT) i loko o ka hippocampus. I loko o ka gyrus serrated o nā ʻiole anesthetized, hiki i ka CSE (250 mg·kg-1) ke pale pono i ka LPT inhibition i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka acetaldehyde me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hana aʻo o nā ʻiole. Hiki i ka wai extract o ka saffron ke kāohi nui i ka ʻawahia hānau i hana ʻia e nā lāʻau anti-cancer e like me cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C a me urethan, ʻoiai ke kāohi nei ʻAʻole pili nui ka nui o ka hopena i ka nui. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui no ka mea ʻo ka saffron extract e hōʻemi nui i nā hopena o ka ʻawahia hānau ma ka ate glutathione S-transferase (GST). ʻAno, ʻono a me ka pono: ʻono, kūlike a ʻaʻohe ʻawahia. Komo i loko o ka puʻuwai a me nā meridians ate. Hoʻolaha i ke kahe koko a wehe i ke koko stasis, hoʻopuehu i ke kaumaha a wehe i nā knots. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ke kaumaha, ka umauma a me ka diaphragm tightness, ka luaʻi koko, ka typhoid fever, ka makaʻu a me ka trance, amenorrhea i nā wahine, ka postpartum blood stasis a me ka ʻeha ʻōpū, a me ka pehu a me ka ʻeha mai ka hāʻule ʻana.

              

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